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Bloede's Dam
Bloede's Dam was a hydroelectric dam on the Patapsco River in Maryland. It was the first known instance of a submerged hydroelectric plant, where the power plant was actually housed under the spillway. It is also recognized as one of the earliest dams constructed of reinforced concrete. This area is now part of Patapsco Valley State Park Avalon Area.
==History and design==
The Patapsco Electric and Manufacturing company, of Ellicott City, brought fame to the Patapsco River corridor in 1906 when it constructed the world's first underwater hydroelectric plant to supply its electricity. Victor Gustav Bloede (pronounced as ''Blerda''), a German immigrant who founded of the Avalon Water Works in the same area, was its president at the time, and for whom the dam was named. Bloede hired electrical engineer Otto Wonder to oversee the development of this unique hydroelectric project near Gray's Mill on the Patapsco River. The dam itself was long, wide at the base and had a drop of . It was an Ambursen Hydraulic Construction Company (Boston type) reinforced concrete slab and buttress dam. The power plant technology and equipment were state of the art when it went into operation in 1907, with 34-inch Poole & Hunt Leffel Wheels and 30-inch Samson Turbines.
In its original plan, the plant was meant as an independent competitor to the local electric companies, and supplied power to the surrounding towns, many of which were outside of the utilities' service area. In 1912, the plant was sold to Consolidated Gas Electric Light and Power, a predecessor company of Constellation Energy, in ca. 1912 and continued to generate electrical power within its interior until 1924 when it was closed due to the competition of larger, more powerful plants. Although the dam was severely damaged by the flood of Hurricane Agnes 1972, much of the dam still stands, although the dam has been gutted leaving only a mud filled shell. The gate house structures which did survive have been removed since the storm left them unsafe. In 1992 the Department of Natural Resources added a fish ladder to allow migrating fish to swim upstream without being blocked by the dam. More controversy has risen about the American eel in that the dam blocks their passage as well.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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